Musings On Iraq Remembering The 1991 Uprising In Iraq
Musings On Iraq Saddam’s View of Iraq’s 1991 Uprising
Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want
Musings On Iraq interview with National Univ of Singapore’s Fanar Haddad on the Impact of the 1991 Uprising
Musings On Iraq review The Great Betrayal, How America Abandoned The Kurds And Lost The Middle East
Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein
Musings On Iraq Review The United States And Iraq Since 1990, A Brief History With Documents
1991
Feb 15 Pres Bush called on Iraqi military and people to overthrow Saddam twice
(Musings On Iraq The 1991 Shiite Uprising In Southern Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want)
(Musings On Iraq Review The United States And Iraq Since 1990, A Brief History With Documents)
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
Feb 28 Bush announced cease-fire in Gulf War
Feb 28 Jalal Talabani tried to tell State Dept of impending Kurdish revolt but was turned
away
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 1 Iraqi army units in Basra began revolt after end of Gulf War
(Musings On Iraq interview with Natl Singapore Univ’s Fanar Haddad on social impact of the 1991 uprising in Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq Remembering The 1991 Uprising In Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq Saddam’s View of Iraq’s 1991 Uprising)
(Musings On Iraq The 1991 Shiite Uprising In Southern Iraq)
Mar 1 Pres Bush said that the Iraqi people should overthrow Saddam
(Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want)
(Musings On Iraq Review The United States And Iraq Since 1990, A Brief History With Documents)
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
Mar 2 Shiite revolt spread to Suq al-Shuyukh and Nasiriyah in Dhi Qar
Mar 2 Shiite rebels attacked military intelligence headquarters in Basra Rebels started
executing Baathists and security personnel
Mar 2 Iraqi Hammurabi Div ordered to move north from Basra to help put down uprising
Fired upon US 24th Inf Div breaking Gulf War ceasefire Was destroyed by US
Mar 3 Demonstrations against Saddam started in Najaf following Gulf War Fired upon by
security forces
(Musings On Iraq The 1991 Shiite Uprising In Southern Iraq)
Mar 4 Najaf and Kufa joined Shiite revolt
Mar 4 Iraqi forces began retaking Basra from rebels
(Musings On Iraq The 1991 Shiite Uprising In Southern Iraq)
Mar 4 Kurdish rebellion started in Raniya
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 5 Police tried to arrest army deserters in Raniya but Kurdish rebels seized city Began
executing Baathists and security personnel by throwing them off roof of a building
Mar 5 Karbala joined Shiite revolt
(Musings On Iraq The 1991 Shiite Uprising In Southern Iraq)
Mar 5 Ayatollah Khoei issued fatwa for people in Najaf to follow Islamic Law Protect
property during uprising
Mar 5 Secretary of Defense Cheney said US would not be able to hold coalition together if
it moved on Saddam
Mar 5 US Gen Brandtner said US would not let weapons go to Shiite rebels in southern
Iraq
Mar 5 Report Saudia Arabia worked with Syria to create Iraq Salvation Movement made up
of Dawa Communists KDP PUK pro-Syrian Baath Party ISCI
Mar 6 Saddam appointed cousin Ali Majid Interior Minister to put down uprisings
Mar 6 State Dept spokesman said foreign powers should not get involved in Iraqi
uprisings
Mar 6 Kurdish uprising started in Kol Sanjaq
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 6 Turkey said it would send troops into Iraq to stop Kurdish independence
Mar 7 Ayatollah Khoei issued 2nd fatwa calling for clerical leadership to run Najaf and
restoring order during uprising
Mar 7 Iraqi officials asked for WMD to put down rebellion in Najaf
Mar 7 Bush Admin warned Iraq not to use WMD against Shiite and Kurdish uprisings
Mar 7 Govt forces began artillery and rocket fire on Najaf shrine
Mar 7 Peshmerga began uprising in Sulaymaniya
Mar 7 Saddam offered Shiites and Kurds share in govt in exchange for loyalty oath but
turned down
Mar 7 Iranian Pres Rafsanjani said Saddam was unpopular and should give into popular
demand and step down
Mar 8 Peshmerga captured Sulaymaniya from govt forces Executing 700 Baathists and
security officials
Mar 8 Turkish Pres Ozal changed policy and held talks with KDP and PUK for first time
Mar 8 Iranian Pres Rafsanjani called on Saddam to step down from power
Mar 9 Kurdish rebellion started in Halabja and Arbat
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 9 Hussein Kamal led Iraqi forces to retake Karbala from rebels
Mar 10 Iranian Revolutionary Guard attacked 2 Mujahedeen e-Khalq camps in Iraq during
Shiite uprising
(Musings On Iraq interview with Naval Postgraduate School’s Ostovar on history of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard)
Mar 10 Kurdish uprising spread to Tuz Kharmato and Dohuk
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 10 Govt imposed curfew in Kirkuk to try to stop unrest
Mar 10 300 delegates from 23 opposition parties met in Lebanon to come up with strategy
against Saddam
Mar 11 Shiite uprising in Hillah put down
Mar 11 Rebels from Najaf met French forces who said they would meet Gen Schwarzkopf
Never happened
Mar 11 Kurdish uprising started in Irbil
Mar 11 Massoud Barzani offered amnesty for soldiers who surrender to Peshmerga
Mar 11 Peshmerga began attacking Kirkuk, Iraqi army responded by taking hostages
inside city
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 12 Govt operation to retake Najaf from Shiite rebels began
Mar 12 Iraqi refugees fleeing country claimed govt forces used napalm to put down
uprising
Mar 13 Pres Bush said Iraqi helicopters should not be used to put down Shiite and
Kurdish uprisings
Mar 13 Kurdish uprising spread to Zakho
Mar 13 Kurdistan Front announced council to run Kurdish areas during uprising
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 13 325 Iraqi opposition leaders from 23 factions met in Beirut to discuss uprising
in Iraq Led to Free Iraqi Council led by Saad Salih Jabr
(Musings On Iraq Origins Of Iraq’s Ethnosectarian Quota System)
Mar 13 Was anti-govt protest in Baghdad
Mar 14 Pres Bush warned Iran not to take advantage of Iraq uprisings to try to annex
any territory
Mar 15 Saddam declared southern revolt over
Mar 15 Rebels in Diwanaiya attempted and failed to take Hillah
Mar 15 Iraqi govt forces began operation to retake Tuz Kharmato from Peshmerga
Mar 15 US met with Iraqis Told them they could not fly planes Objected to Iraqis using
helicopters to put down Shiite uprising Iraq said rebellion led by Iran
Mar 15 U.S. shot down Iraqi fighter after warned it no flights allowed during uprisings
Mar 16 Saddam made 1st address since Gulf War Blamed southern uprising on Iran Said
Kurds worked with foreigners & always defeated
Mar 17 Iraqi army began assault to retake Karbala from Shiite rebels
(Musings On Iraq The 1991 Shiite Uprising In Southern Iraq)
Mar 17 Refugee claimed govt killed 250-300 people of Najaf after Shiite uprising
Mar 17 Kurds began fleeing Tuz Kharmato in face of govt offensive to retake it
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 17 Baghdad held 1st tribal loyalty ceremony to shore up support during uprising
Mar 17 Saddam said he would introduce democracy and create a new constitution
Mar 17 Iraqi generals met with US military Americans made no effort to tell Iraq to stop
putting down 91 uprising
Mar 18 Secretary of State Baker after tour of Middle East and Soviet Union said most
leaders thought Saddam would be gone by end of year
(Musings On Iraq Review The United States And Iraq Since 1990, A Brief History With Documents)
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
Mar 18 Kurdish leader Rahman called for international help with food and medicine
during uprising None came
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 18 Report Bush admin expected Saddam gone by end of 91 Said expected Baathists to
remain in power Didn’t support break up of country Thought Shiite opposition pro-Iran
Mar 19 Saddam’s troops recaptured Karbala from Shiite rebels Went district to district
taking young men and executing them
(Musings On Iraq The 1991 Shiite Uprising In Southern Iraq)
Mar 19 Govt forces arrested Ayatollah Khoei following Shiite uprising 105 relatives staff
students & clerics arrested in Najaf by govt forces
Mar 19 Bush admin officials accused Iran of trying to overthrow Saddam and place
friendly Shiites in power in Baghdad
Mar 20 Kirkuk fell to Kurdish rebels Began executing Baathists and security officials
Mar 20 Kurdish leaders said that all of Iraqi Kurdistan had been liberated from Iraqi
forces
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 20 Ayatollah Khoei made to appear with Saddam on TV to denounce Shiite uprising
The Ayatollah was then placed under house arrest in Najaf
(Musings On Iraq The 1991 Shiite Uprising In Southern Iraq)
Mar 20 Report Kuwait and many other Arab govts all believed Iran behind 91 uprising
Mar 21 Govt offensive to retake Kirkuk from peshmerga began day after Kurds took it
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 21 Govt announced state of emergency in Baghdad
Mar 22 US shot down another Iraqi fighter after warned it no flights during uprisings
Mar 22 Turkey held second meeting with KDP and PUK Talabani said this marked a new
page in Kurdish-Turkish relations
(Musings On Iraq review of The Kurds, A Modern History)
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 23 Sadoun Hammadi, a Shiite became premier as Saddam tried to appease Shiites
while putting down uprising
Mar 24 Turkish Pres Ozal met Bush in US and told him an independent Kurdistan in Iraq
would lead to greater Kurdistan affecting Turkey Syrian Iran
Mar 26 Fierce fighting between Iraqi forces and Peshmerga on Khanaqin-Jalawla road,
Diyala
Mar 26 Talabani returned to Iraq after 3 years Gave speech talking about freeing all of Iraq
working with Iraqi opposition to create a provisional govt
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 26 White House meeting on Iraq uprising Decided not to get involved
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
Mar 26 Bush told press Iraqi rebels had not asked U.S. for help during uprising
Mar 26 Bush administration said they would not stop Iraq from using helicopters to
put down uprisings
Mar 26 Bush National Security Adviser Scowcorft secretly met Saudi King Fahd who told
US to stay out of 1991 uprising
Mar 27 2nd day of fighting between Iraqi forces and Peshmerga on Khanaqin-Jalawla road,
Diyala
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 27 White House spokesman said that US had made no promises to Shiites or Kurds
and US public not interested in getting involved in an Iraqi civil war
(Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want)
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
Mar 27 4,700 Kurds fled 91 uprising for Turkish border
Mar 28 SCIRI head Hakim said Shiite rebels in south only fighting in rural areas after
lost cities to Iraqi army
Mar 29 Iraqi troops recaptured Kirkuk from Kurdish rebels
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 29 Iraqi troops captured Tanuma, Basra from rebels
Mar 30 Saddam’s troops re-entered Dohuk and Irbil to put down Kurdish rebellion
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Mar 30 Majid al-Khoei son of Grand Ayatollah al-Khoei met with Saudi intelligence and
was turned down for aid because US objections
Mar 31 Govt op to retake Sulaymaniya from Peshemerga began
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Apr 1 Peshmerga repelled govt attack to retake Sulaymaniya
Apr 1 Saddam’s forces put down Kurdish revolt in Zakho
Apr 1 Barzani said 3 mil Kurds had fled to northern mountains along Turkish border
to escape govt attacks
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Apr 2 State Dept U.S. never said that it was for removing Saddam
(Musings On Iraq Review The United States And Iraq Since 1990, A Brief History With Documents)
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
(Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want)
Apr 2 Turkey said that 30,000 Kurds had entered country and 220,00 more coming as
Saddam put down Kurdish revolt Closed its border as a result
Apr 2 Iran and Turkey went to UN about Iraq’s suppression of Kurd and Shiite revolts
and refugee crisis it was creating
Apr 2 Kurds began fleeing Sulaymaniya in face of govt offensive to retake it from
Peshmerga
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Apr 3 Saddam’s troops captured Sulaymaniya last major town held by Kurdish rebels
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Apr 3 Saddam told aides that Iraqi army was psychologically defeated by Gulf War
and that was why Shiites and Kurds rose up against govt
(Musings On Iraq Saddam’s View of Iraq’s 1991 Uprising)
Apr 4 Report Pres Bush gave CIA okay to support opposition in Iraq led to creation of Voice
of Free Iraq radio station run by Saudis during Gulf War Didn’t allow support for 91 uprising
(Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want)
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
Apr 4 Britain offered $37 mil in humanitarian aid to Kurds
Apr 4 Turkey said it couldn’t support Kurdish refugees flowing into country so shut
border 10,000 crossed into Turkey 80,000 held at border
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Apr 5 Saddam declared that Kurdish and Shiite rebellions were crushed following Gulf
War
Apr 5 Saddam article on 91 uprising Said south Shiites from marshes were isolated backwards
unable to integrate into Iraq Said Kurds were the same Said southern Shiites were criminal deviants If they ever came into power would destroy Iraq
Apr 5 UN Resolution 688 condemned Saddam’s repression of its civilian population
Apr 5 Some displaced Kurds began leaving mountains after govt appeals to them while
Turkey let 80,000 into country
Apr 5 Bush authorized airdrops of supplies to Kurds
Apr 6 UNHCR est 750,000 Kurds fled to Iran and 280,000 to Turkey and 300,000
on Iraq-Turkey border Aftermath of 1991 uprising
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Apr 7 Sec of State Baker condemned Iraq crimes against its people but said US would
not get involved
Apr 7 US began humanitarian airdrops to Kurds
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
Apr 7 Iran closed border to try to stop Kurdish refugees from entering Re-opened 2 days later
Apr 9 Saddam article Blamed 91 uprising on lack of unity and discipline in Iraq that allowed
Iranian sectarianism to spread Blamed poor Shiites from south marshes that didn’t follow society or Islam for spreading sectarianism
Apr 12 Report Bush admin decided that Shiite and Kurdish uprisings after Gulf
War strengthened Saddam and ended hopes of coup
(Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want)
(Musings On Iraq Review The United States And Iraq Since 1990, A Brief History With Documents)
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
Apr 13 Pres Bush said US would send humanitarian aid to Iraq and condemned govt
attacks on civilians but would not get more involved
Apr 14 Saddam article on 91 uprising Said Shiites and Kurds were untrustworthy because had
been used by Persians in ancient times Said Turkmen felt superior due to their Turkish origins and never integrated into Iraq Claimed King Faisal brought Kurds and Arabs together but then destroyed by UK who used Kurds in 1936 coup Blamed Barzani for starting Kurdish revolt in 1940s Said Qasim backed Kurds and Communists that undermined pan-Arabism and the unity of Iraq
Apr 16 Bush denied US responsible for telling Iraqis to revolt and then not supporting
them
(Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want)
(Musings On Iraq Review The United States And Iraq Since 1990, A Brief History With Documents)
(Musings On Iraq review Out Of The Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein)
Apr 16 Pres Bush said that US would set up relief camps in Kurdistan to help refugees
after Saddam put down revolt
Apr 16 Baghdad and Kurds announced ceasefire and start of talks
Apr 18 Saddam agreed to UN setting up offices in Iraq to help displaced following
Shiite and Kurdish uprisings
Apr 18 Report 500-1,000 displaced Kurds were dying a day along Iraq-Turkey border
Apr 21 Iraqi govt forces began attack on southern marshes in Maysan Basra and Dhi Qar
to root out rebels
Apr 22 Report that Iranian intelligence and Revolutionary Guard working in Iraq to help
revolts
(Musings On Iraq interview with Naval Postgraduate School’s Ostovar on history of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard)
May 1 68,000 displaced caused by uprising following Gulf War
May 12 Baghdad took journalists to mass grave with 100 bodies it claims were killed
by Iranians and Shiite rebels in southern Iraq
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