(Wikipedia)
1914 UK sent ultimatum to Ottomans If they wanted to
increase tariffs had to allow merger
of Turkish Petroleum Company that was going to get oil concession in Mosul vilayet with Anglo-Persian Oil Company 1st sign UK wanted to control Mesopotamian oil
1917 Gen Maude ordered to maintain Ottoman administration in Baghdad vilayet Replace
Turkish bureaucrats with Arab ones
1921 Start of Cairo Conference where UK decided on its future MidEast policy with
Mesopotamia being centerpiece Colonial Sec Churchill’s main concern was cutting costs for London Said UK troops would be withdrawn in Mesopotamia as quickly as possible Air power would be used for control Sir Percy Cox and Gen Haldane objected to Churchill’s troops reduction plan saying soldiers still needed in Mesopotamia Royal Air Force said it would need another year to set up in Mesopotamia Meant Churchill could not withdraw UK troops as quickly as he wanted Most at conference supported a Hashemite either Faisal or Abdullah becoming ruler in Mesopotamia Churchill said putting Faisal in power in Mesopotamia would be part of larger policy to have Hashemites beholden to UK in Mecca and Transjordan Churchill believed putting Faisal in power would lead to Mesopotamian govt that could run things and save UK money Churchill was open to creating a Kurdish state Thought would be a buffer between Turkey and Mesopotamia Sir Percy Cox and Gertrude Bell argued for a unitary Mesopotamian state that included Kurds
(Musings On Iraq How England Chose Feisal As 1st King Of Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq interview with Princeton’s Sara Pursley on Sykes-Picot and creation of Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq Churchill In His Own Words On Mesopotamia/Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq review Churchill’s Folly, How Winston Churchill Created Modern Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq review Gertrude Bell And Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq review Gertrude Bell, Explorer of the Middle East)
(Musings On Iraq movie review Letters from Baghdad)
(Musings On Iraq review Supremacy And Oil, Iraq, Turkey, and the Anglo-American World Order, 1918-1930)
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
(Musings On Iraq review The Chatham House Version and other Middle-Eastern Studies)
(Musings On Iraq review Desert Queen, The Extraordinary Life of Gertrude Bell: Adventurer, Adviser to Kings, Ally of Lawrence of Arabia)
(Musings On Iraq review Empires of the Sand, The Struggle For Mastery In The Middle East 1789-1923)
1935 PM Midfai govt decided to put down tribal revolt with force and sent recommendation
to King Ghazi who did not support it King pushed for talks to end revolt
1959 Nasser gave 2nd speech attacking Iraqi Communists Said that they would never be able
to stop Arab nationalism Said Communists relied upon Shiites for support who opposed Arab nationalism Denied that he supported Col Arif against Qasim govt
(Musings On Iraq review Red Star Over Iraq, Iraqi Communism Before Saddam)
(Musings On Iraq A History Of The Iraqi Communist Party Interview With Univ of East Anglia’s Johan Franzen)
1970 Pres Bakr said war vs Kurds was over Kurds would have cultural autonomy and national
rights
(Musings On Iraq review The Kurds, A Modern History)
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
(Musings On Iraq review The Kurdish Revolt 1961-1970)
(Musings On Iraq review Iraq Since 1958, From Revolution To Dictatorship)
1974 After talks broke down with Baghdad and it imposed own law for Kurdistan KDP
restarted rebellion
1975 Baghdad offered KDP truce to allow its forces to retreat to Iran or surrender
(Musings On Iraq review Killing Hope, U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II)
(Musings On Iraq review The Great Betrayal, How America Abandoned The Kurds And Lost The Middle East)
(Musings On Iraq When The Shah and Nixon Manipulated The Kurds)
1975 Barzani met with political and military leaders Decided to continue fighting Bakr govt
despite Iran ending aid
1979 At National Security Council Saddam decided that govt would take control of religious
sphere to protect country from ideas that could threaten the regime
1984 Iraq called off attacks into Basra marshes to try to recapture Majnoon Islands Iran lost
20,000 dead 30,000 wounded 1,000 captured Iraq lost 3,000 dead 9,000 wounded and 1/6 of its oil reserves
(Musings On Iraq review Iran-Iraq War Volume 2: Iran Strikes back, June 1982-December 1986)
1985 Iran Op Badr reached Tigris River Began building bridge across it then forced back
Reached Baghdad-Basra highway and took Qurna but then retaken by Iraqis 2 Revolutionary Guard divisions attacked from Majnoon Islands and forced Iraqis to retreat
(Musings On Iraq Iranian Revolutionary Guard’s History In Iraq, Interview With Naval Postgraduate School’s Afshon Ostovar)
(Musings On Iraq review Vanguard of the Imam, Religion, Politics, and Iran’s Revolutionary Guard)
1985 Iraq started using chemical weapons against Iran’s Op Badr over next 4 weeks Iran
claimed it suffered 4,600 casualties as a result
(Musings On Iraq Origins Of Iraq’s WMD Programs)
(Musings On Iraq Iraq’s Use Of Chemical Weapons In Iran-Iraq War And Their Western Origin)
1986 CIA said that Iraq facing worst situation since start of war after Iran captured Faw
Peninsula Basra Warned that if Iran carried out more offensives could break the Iraqi army and Saddam could be deposed
(Musings On Iraq interview with author Anthony Tucker-Jones on Iran-Iraq War)
(Musings On Iraq interview with author Tom Cooper on Iran-Iraq War)
(Musings On Iraq review The Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988)
(Musings On Iraq review Iran-Iraq War, The Lion of Babylon, 1980-1988)
(Musings On Iraq review The Iran-Iraq War)
(Musings On Iraq review The Longest War, The Iran-Iraq Military Conflict)
(Musings On Iraq review The Iran-Iraq War Volume 1: The Battle for Khuzestan, September 1980-May 1982)
(Musings On Iraq review The Iran-Iraq War Volume 2: Iran Strikes back, June 1982-December 1986)
(Musings On Iraq review The Iran-Iraq War Volume 3: Iraq’s Triumph)
(Musings On Iraq review The Iran-Iraq War Volume 4: The Forgotten Fronts)
1991 UN Security Council condemned Iraq over inspections Said inspectors were final decider on
whether Iraq disarmed or not
1991 Govt operation to retake Najaf from Shiite rebels began
1991 Iraqi refugees fleeing country claimed govt forces used napalm to put down uprising
(Musings On Iraq interview with National Univ of Singapore’s Fanar Haddad on the Impact of the 1991 Uprising)
(Musings On Iraq Remembering The 1991 Uprising In Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq Saddam’s View of Iraq’s 1991 Uprising)
(Musings On Iraq When The US Helped Start A Rebellion In Iraq That It Didn’t Want)
1991 Wash Post OpEd by Ahmed Chalabi Criticized US for allowing Saddam to stay in power
and put down 1991 uprising
(Musings On Iraq review The Man Who Pushed America To War, The Extraordinary Life, Adventures, and Obsessions of Ahmad Chalabi)
(Musings On Iraq review Arrows of the Night: Ahmad Chalabi and the Selling of the Iraq War)
1993 Iraqi army attacked Aweina Kurdistan killing 30
2002 VP Cheney made trip to Middle East to gain support for Iraq war
2002 Blair For Pol Adv Manning met with Natl Sec Adv Rice and said UK supported regime
change in Iraq but needed good strategy
(Musings On Iraq Review The Report of the Iraq Inquiry, Executive Summary)
(Musings On Iraq Chilcot Report Section 3.2 Development of UK Iraq Strategy and Options, January to April 2002 – “Axis of Evil” to Crawford)
2002 2 CIA reports said aluminum tubes Iraq tried to buy were for centrifuges and Iraq might
be trying to build a nuclear weapon Were for rockets
(Musings On Iraq How A Contested Aluminum Tubes Story Became The Basis For War With Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq How US Intelligence Created An Iraqi Nuclear Threat In 2002)
(Musings On Iraq review The WMD Mirage, Iraq’s Decade of Deception and America’s False Premise for War)
2002 Labor Party meeting at parliament Foreign Sec Straw presented paper that Iraq’s WMD
a threat
2002 SCIRI met State Dept official Said Bush ordered overthrow of Saddam and wanted to
plan for post-war Iraq State wanted to hold meeting of Iraqi opposition to get idea of what Iraq like
2003 Bush called PM Blair about vote on 2nd UN resolution on Iraq Bush said if didn’t have
votes shouldn’t have a vote
2003 Bush called Mexican Pres Fox and Chilean Pres Lagos on 2nd UN resolution Fox non-
committal Lagos said he would vote no
2003 Bush called PM Blair and said that vote on 2nd UN resolution was dead
(Musings On Iraq Review The Report of the Iraq Inquiry, Executive Summary)
2003 UN committee reported that Iraq violating sanctions
(Musings On Iraq review Invisible War, The United States And The Iraq Sanctions)
2003 Iraqi scientists began private interviews with UN inspectors
(Musings On Iraq UN Inspectors Were Right Iraq Was Not A Threat)
(Musings On Iraq Iraq’s Rejection of UN Inspectors Led To Mistrust Over WMD and 2003 Invasion)
2003 Bush endorsed Def Dept plan for quick transition to Iraqi authority made up of exiles
and Kurds after war
(Musings On Iraq review Leap of Faith, Hubris Negligence, and America’s Greatest Foreign
Policy Tragedy)
(Musings On Iraq review State of Denial, Bush At War, Part III)
(Musings On Iraq review Hard Lessons, The Iraq Reconstruction Experience)
2003 UnderSecDef Feith briefed NSC on postwar plans Said Foreign Min and embassies
needed to be purged Wanted to disband intel services Republican Guard State Security Office militias Cut military to 3-5 divisions Said rebuilding military would be paid for by Iraq Would have own equipment Military would be used for rebuilding Iraq Warned would be dangerous to disband military Republican Guard security services would be disbanded Talked about creating interim govt with mix of exiles and Iraqis from within Iraq
(Musings On Iraq Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction’s “Hard Lessons” – Part I: Planning for Postwar Iraq September 2001 to May 2003)
2003 White House reviewed plan to ship $1.7 bil in frozen Iraqi assets in U.S. to Iraq to pay
for Iraqi public workers and pensions
2004 Sadrists destroyed Gypsy village of Qawliya, Qadisiya
(Musings On Iraq Forgotten Destruction Of Qawilya, Iraq By The Mahdi Army)
2006 6 car bombs in Shiite areas in Baghdad killed 58 wounded 200
(Musings On Iraq review Voices From Iraq, A People’s History, 2003-2009)
2006 US soldiers gang raped 14 yr old Iraqi girl in Mahmudiya and then killed her family
2006 US began Op Scales of Justice in Baghdad US cmdrs complained they didn’t have
enough troops to carry out new operation because of withdrawals US Iraq cmdr Gen Casey said that was the point of drawdown for US to do less
(Musings On Iraq Did the US Ever Have A Strategy To Win In Iraq Before the Surge?)
(Musings On Iraq US Army History of Iraq War Vol 1 – Chapter 19 The Iraqi Civil War Comes Into The Open, January-June 2006)
(Musings On Iraq review Overreach, Delusions of Regime Change In Iraq)
2007 Report Sadr met with Ayatollah Sistani and asked what he should do about attacks
upon his movement Sistani told him he could withdraw or take the consequences Sadr ended up leaving for Iran
(Musings On Iraq Sadr’s Leadership Or Lack Thereof)
2008 2nd day of fighting Mahdi Army forced police out of Kut Came after Sadr said militia
could defend themselves during freeze Police raided Sadrists areas in city leading to fighting
2008 Pentagon said it would not publicly release its study that found no Iraq-Al Qaeda links
based upon 600,000 captured Iraq docs Would not even be posted on the Internet
2008 US reported violence hit nadir Dropped from Nov 07-Feb 08 Avg number of insurgents
attacks went from 180 per day in Jun 07 to 60 per day in Jan 08
2008 Sir Synnott former CPA official in charge of south Iraq said UK wanted to portray
stable Iraq after invasion but didn’t spend time and money to rebuild CPA focused on large projects but not small sustainable ones that would have benefited more Iraqis
(Musings On Iraq Review The Report of the Iraq Inquiry, Executive Summary)
2010 Report Pres of EU election observers said Iran interfered in election results Accused
high official in Election Comm of putting in false data for State of Law
2011 Senior Judge said parties saw ministries as bank accounts for themselves No reason to
prosecute petty corruption cases when the ministers and parties plundered the state
(Musings On Iraq Corruption In Iraq An Interview With Stuart Bowen Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction)
(Musings On Iraq Iraq’s Trouble Fighting Corruption Interview With Vincent Foulk Former US Anti-Graft Official)
2011 KDP-PUK alliance said that KRG would implement reforms in 3-4 months in response
to protests Never happened
(Musings On Iraq interview with journalist Wladimir Van Wilgenburg on 2011 KRG protests)
(Musings On Iraq How Iraq’s Kurdistan Broke Up Two Months Of Protests)
2011 KDP-PUK accused Gorran of working with Iranian Rev Guards and Muslim Scholars
Association to stoke protests in Sulaymaniya Gorran said accusations false and ruling parties against reforms
2011 Report women politicians lacked power in govt 2nd Maliki govt only had 1 woman
minister Of 86 female MPs only 5 got enough votes to win seats Rest got seats via 25% quota for women Many were relatives of party members to gain quota seats
(Musings On Iraq Women Marginalized In New Iraqi Government)
(Musings On Iraq Interview Iraqi Women Before And After The 2003 Invasion, Interview With Prof Nadje Al-Ali Univ of London)
2011 PM Maliki met with tribal leaders Asked them to limit protests claiming there was a
conspiracy against him
(Musings On Iraq Government Moves To Suppress Protests In Iraq)
2013 Kurdish and most of Iraqiya ministers boycotted cabinet meeting Kurds angry over
2013 budget Iraqiya supporting protests
(Musings On Iraq What’s To Gain From the Kurdish Alliance’s Boycott Of Iraq’s Government?)
(Musings On Iraq Kurdish Alliance Agrees To Face Saving Agreement With Iraq’s Central Government To Return To Baghdad)
2013 Finance Min Issawi told Ramadi protesters ISF tried to arrest him when he went to
funeral in Rutba
(Musings On Iraq Once Again Iraq’s Premier Maliki Goes After Former Finance Minister Issawi)
(Musings On Iraq Understanding Iraq’s Protest Movements, An Interview With Kirk Sowell, Editor of Inside Iraqi Politics)
2014 Planning Min official said up to 90% of the capital budget for investment was returned
Said provinces and ministers couldn’t spend their budgets
2014 Report 100s of 1000s of dinars stolen from ISF in Ninewa Police were supposed to get
500,000 dinars/mo but only got 250,000/mo Traffic police demanded Finance Min investigating missing pay
(Musings On Iraq Insurgent Financing In Iraq’s Ninewa Province)
2015 Report IS had special group to find and sell antiquities in Mosul Employed locals to
help IS making news destroying historical sites but was more interested in looting them first IS earned up to $24 mil in Feb 2015 from stolen artifacts from Mosul Museum
(Musings On Iraq Destruction Of Historical Sites In Iraq Hides Looting Campaign By Islamic State)
2015 Report IS burned 1500 historic manuscripts Bulldozed Assyrian city of Nimrod and
Hatra in Ninewa Looted Assyrian city of Khorsabad Bombed Ibn al-Atheer shrine and Mosque of the Prophet Yunus after took Mosul in 2014 Looted sites and sold items on black market
2015 Babil council decided not to allow displaced to return to Jurf al-Sakhr dist Said it was
unsafe Real reason was along pilgrimage route for Shiites Residents never allowed back
2015 Harith al-Dhari head of Association of Muslim Scholars died in Turkey Was critic of US
occupation and supported insurgency Sons and nephew became leaders in insurgency Warrant led to him to flee Iraq US and UN labeled him a terrorist supporter
(Musings On Iraq Spiritual Leader To Iraq’s Insurgency Harith Dhari Dies In Exile)
2016 PM Abadi called on political parties to present their technocratic candidates for new
cabinet Only 3 parties did so
(Musings On Iraq A Review Of Iraq Premier Abadi’s Reform Program Interview With Reidar Visser)
2017 Najaf Dhi Qar Muthanna Wasit Qadisiya all objected to plan to privatize electricity
Baghdad wanted to privatize distribution to provinces Bill passed 2012 Only implemented 5 yrs later Attempt to control usage and deal with power shortages Didn’t work
2018 Municipal workers protested in Zubayr Basra over not getting paid for 2 months Threw
stones at govt offices
2018 Report 1000s of IS fighters in Hawija south Kirkuk Hid instead of fought while district cleared
2018 Sheikh and son from Jabouri tribe killed by IS south Ninewa Part of campaign by IS against tribal leaders
2019 Iraq’s military air traffic control pressured by Hashd to restrict US drone flights over
Babil’s Jurf al-Sakhr Was large Kataib Hezbollah base
(Musings On Iraq Instrument Of Iran’s Power In Iraq And Syria Kataib Hezbollah)
2020 US-UK airstrikes on Hashd camps in east Syria Kataib Hezbollah bases in Babil Anbar
and Karbala Retaliation for rocket attack upon Camp Taji that killed 2 US soldiers 1 UK soldier and a US contractor Airstrikes killed 5 ISF
(Musings On Iraq Tit For Tat Between U.S. and Pro-Iran Hashd Continues)
(Musings On Iraq As Talk Of Expelling US Forces From Iraq Dies Down Attacks Upon Americans Pick Up)
2020 Pro-Iran Hashd offices burned in Maysan after 2 activists assassinated Mar 11 Another
activist survived assassination attempt
(Musings On Iraq UN Report On Violence Against Iraqi Protesters)
(Musings On Iraq United Nations Faults Iraq For Failing To Protect Protesters)
2021 Protests in Dhi Qar demanding accountability for assassination of activist Protest in
Najaf demanding governor be dismissed
View the Iraq History Timelines
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