Friday, May 1, 2020

Spike In Violence In April 2020 But Can It Be Sustained?

April 2020 saw a spike in violence in Iraq. There was a total of 110 incidents, the most since 114 in December 2019. The country has seen several such increases in attacks only for them to drop off in the following months. The question then is whether April was one such jump or whether it will be sustained?


Of the 110 incidents in April 108 were by the Islamic State and 2 were by pro-Iran groups. On April 6 rockets were fired at the American Halliburton compound in Basra, and then on April 18 rockets were fired at a Chinese company working in east Baghdad. As usual, Diyala had the most incidents with 42 followed by 24 in Kirkuk and 17 in Ninewa. Oddly there was no IS activity in Baghdad which had been a main priority in previous months.

Security Incidents In Iraq By Province
Province
Apr 1-7
Apr 8-14
Apr 15-21
Apr 22-28
Apr 29-30
Totals
Anbar
3
1
2
2
2
10
Babil
-
1
-
2
-
3
Baghdad
-
-
1 Pro-Iran
-
-
1 Pro-Iran
Basra
1 Pro-Iran
-
-
-
-
1 Pro-Iran
Diyala
8
4
15
14
1
42
Irbil
2
-
-
-
-
2
Kirkuk
7
9
7
1
-
24
Ninewa
4
5
5
3
-
17
Salahaddin
1
3
3
-
1
8
Sulaymaniya
1
1
-
-
-
2
TOTAL
27/1 Pro-Iran
24
33/1 Pro-Iran
14/1 Pro-Iran
1
110/2 Pro-Iran

Casualties In Iraq By Province
Province
Totals
Anbar
19 (9K, 10W)
Babil
4 (4W)
Diyala
85 (25K, 60W)
Irbil
6 (3K, 3W)
Kirkuk
75 (25K, 50W)
Ninewa
33 (12K, 21 W)
Salahaddin
20 (5K, 15W)
Sulaymaniya
2 (2K)
TOTAL
244 (81K, 163W)

The 108 IS incidents led to 81 dead and 163 wounded. That consisted of 2 Sinjar Protection Forces, 15 Hashd al-Shaabi, 18 civilians, and 44 Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) losing their lives along with 3 Sinjar Protection Forces, 36 civilians, 35 Hashd, and 89 ISF. It’s noteworthy that there were more ISF and Hashd casualties than civilians during the month when it is almost always the opposite. That showed that the militants were going after military targets in April. Diyala had the most casualties with 85 followed by 75 in Kirkuk and 33 in Ninewa.

There were 10 incidents in Anbar. That was up from 5 in February and 6 in March. The province was an example of what the insurgents were doing throughout the month. There was an attack upon a checkpoint, an army patrol, the civil defense director in Rutba, a military base, and a village. In total, there were 19 casualties, with 6 ISF dying and 6 being wounded showing that IS was going after the security forces more than civilian targets. Most of the attacks were also in the west in the Rutba district heading towards Jordan. Overall however, Anbar remains a secondary front for the militants.

Besides the pro-Iran attack upon the Chinese company there were no other incidents in Baghdad during the month. Before IS was making a concerted effort to return to the capital. In 2019 it built up attacks from just 4 in March to 25 by September only to pull back when the protests against the government began in October. Then it started all over again going from 3 in October to 24 in February. Since then there were 7 in March and then 0 in April. This along with the emphasis upon the ISF and Hashd could point to a turning point in the group’s rebuilding in Iraq. It might be aiming for more military control of the rural areas it is based out of and postponing a return to the cities.

Attacks went up in Diyala, Kirkuk and Ninewa. Incidents in Diyala went from 23 in January to 24 in February, 26 in March and 42 in April. That was the most since 42 in December 2019. That included an IED on a patrol, an IED on a convoy, a motorcycle bomb, 2 attacks on checkpoints, 2 electricity towers being blown up, and 4 gun battles. That led to 85 casualties total, 62 of which were members of the ISF and Hashd. Almost half of the attacks were in the center of the province instead of the northeast as they usually are. The militants still have full access to every part of the governorate, but usually focus upon the Khanaqin-Jalawla districts in the northeast where there is a gap between the ISF and Peshmerga which is being exploited. After that however, the middle of Diyala has also been a prime target. In Kirkuk, attacks jumped from 1 in March to 24 in April. That was the most since 35 in May 2019. A village was attacked, there was a gun battle with the Federal Police where 3 officers were kidnapped with two of their bodies being found later, the North Oil police director’s convoy was ambushed, 3 checkpoints were assaulted, 5 other shoot outs, and there was a very rare suicide bombing aimed at the intelligence directorate in Kirkuk city. Almost all of this activity took place in the south where IS was never rooted out during the war. There were 75 casualties in the governorate 73 of which came from the ISF and Hashd. Finally, incidents went from 8 in March to 17 in April in Ninewa. That was the most since 19 in December. A civilian was kidnapped and executed, an army patrol was ambushed, a village was attacked, and four checkpoints were fired upon. Unlike the other two provinces 18 of the 33 casualties were civilians. Diyala has been the center of IS attacks for months now followed by Kirkuk. Ninewa however has seen incidents go up and down appears to be more of a secondary front.

Salahaddin was the one exception during the month because incidents went down there. There were 11 in March and 8 in April. That was around the same level as seen for the last year. There were three gun battles, and a kidnapping. Again, the security forces were targeted with 16 of the 20 casualties coming from the ISF and Hashd. For the last two months the insurgents have been striking the Tuz Kharmato district in the east. That was a decided change because that area had not been consistently targeted since September 2019.

There were two more incidents in Irbil and two others in Sulaymaniya. An IED hit soldiers in the Makhmour district and Peshmerga were fired upon in the Kalar district in Irbil, while there was a gun battle and an IED aimed at the Peshmerga in the Kifri district of Sulaymaniya. The Islamic State has attacked Irbil every month this year, but November was the last time Sulaymaniya was hit. These appear to be examples of IS probing new areas of opportunity to expand its operations.

Finally, there were 3 incidents in Babil. All of those were in the Jurf al-Sakhr district in the northwest. That is a Hashd base and it looks like IS infiltrates a few fighters into the area every now and then because there are so many targets there. There have been around 3 incidents there a month since the start of 2019.

Since 2019 there have been constant spikes in violence in Iraq. January and February 2019 there were 112 and 114 incidents respectively. Then 135 in May, 119 in September, and 114 in December. There were large drops afterward. That raises the question of whether April was just another one-off affair or is the Islamic State aiming for a sustained effort, something that hasn’t happened since the summer of 2018. The group may not have rebuilt its cadres enough to do that yet, but only time will tell.  

Islamic State Activity in Iraq 2018-20
Diyala
Shootings
(Totals)
IEDs/
Sticky Bombs
(Totals)
Gun Battles
Attacks on Checkpoints
Attacks on Mukhtars/
Sheikhs
Kidnappings
Attacks on Towns
Suicide Bombers
Car Bombs
2018
Totals
219
198
47
43
5
13
25
3
1
2019
Totals
185
112
33
63
2
6
29
2
-
Jan 2020
13
6
-
2
-
1
-
-
-
Feb
16
5
2
8
-
1
-
-
-
Mar
15
10
4
2
-
-
-
-
-
Apr
20
17
4
2
-
-
-
-
-

Kirkuk
Shootings
(Totals)
IEDs/
Sticky Bombs
(Totals)
Gun Battles
Attacks on Checkpoints
Attacks on Mukhtars/
Sheikhs
Kidnappings
Attacks on Towns
Suicide Bombers
Car Bombs
2018
Totals
172
182
39
18
10
14
29
9
6
2019
Totals
77
116
24
19
6
8
18
-
1
Jan 2020
10
1
2
2
-
1
-
-
-
Feb
5
-
2
1
-
2
1
-
-
Mar
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
Apr
17
7
6
3
-
2
1
1
-

Ninewa
Shootings
(Totals)
IEDs/
Sticky Bombs
(Totals)
Gun Battles
Attacks on Checkpoints
Attacks on Mukhtars/
Sheikhs
Kidnappings
Attacks on Towns
Suicide Bombers
Car Bombs
2018
Totals
139
74
43
7
5
6
6
2
3
2019
Totals
63
49
14
3
9
6
17
-
3
Jan 2020
7
5
2
1
-
1
-
-
-
Feb
5
5
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
Mar
2
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
Apr
8
8
1
4
-
1
1
-
-

Salahaddin
Shootings
(Totals)
IEDs/
Sticky Bombs
(Totals)
Gun Battles
Attacks on Checkpoints
Attacks on Mukhtars/
Sheikhs
Kidnappings
Attacks on Towns
Suicide Bombers
Car Bombs
2018
Totals
110
102
41
18
1
16
4
9
5
2019
Totals
60
54
32
5
2
6
8
2
6
Jan 2020
4
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
Feb
5
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
Mar
5
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
Apr
4
3
3
-
-
1
-
-
-

Security In Iraq 2019-20
Week
Security
Incidents
(Total/By IS)
Dead
(Total/By IS)
Wounded
(Total/By IS)
Jan 1-7
32
17/10
24
Jan 8-14
32
94/31
53
Jan 15-21
22
17/11
16/14
Jan 22-28
27
36/17
31
Jan 29-31
12
7
6
JAN 2019
114
139
130/128
Feb 1-7
29/1
76/16
30
Feb 8-14
24
26
18
Feb 15-21
40
112/37
12
Feb 22-28
25
36
70
FEB
118/1
250/115
130
Mar 1-7
13
22
45
Mar 8-14
19
75/10
37
Mar 15-21
12
66/37
21/11
Mar 22-28
13
8/5
1
Mar 29-31
6
8
7
MAR
61
147
101
Apr 1-7
20
22
13
Apr 8-14
41
28
42
Apr 15-21
17
9/8
26
Apr 22-28
19
45
15
Apr 29-30
2
1
4
APR
99
105
100
May 1-7
20
15
18
May 8-14
24
31
41
May 15-21
37/1
62/25
39
May 22-28
43
39
54
May 29-31
13
16
48
MAY
137/1
163/125
200
Jun 1-7
26
19
44
Jun 8-14
25/1
29
15
Jun 15-21
21/2
6
13/10
Jun 22-28
18
17
41
Jun 29-30
9
3
9
JUN
99/3
74
122/119
Jul 1-7
20
11
39
Jul 8-14
14
31
10
Jul 15-21
17
14
37
Jul 22-28
23
14
20
Jul 29-31
8
13
13
JUL
82
83
119
Aug 1-7
27
14
31
Aug 8-14
18
13
13
Aug 15-21
20
33
15
Aug 22-28
27
24
72
Aug 29-31
11
19
10
AUG
104
103
141
Sep 1-7
39
39
38
Sep 8-14
30
35
43
Sep 15-21
23
27
26
Sep 22-28
24/1
15
20
Sep 29-30
7
6
4
SEP
123/1
122
131
Oct 1-7
3
1
2
Oct 8-14
14
25
17
Oct 15-21
19
29
13
Oct 22-28
22/1
33
10
Oct 29-31
12/1
4
11
Oct
70/2
92
53
Nov 1-7
6/1
4
1
Nov 8-14
9/1
2
25
Nov 15-21
15/1
11
2
Nov 22-28
17/1
24
33
Nov 29-30
8/1
6
37
Nov
55/5
47
98
Dec 1-7
36/3
33
44
Dec 8-14
19/3
19
19
Dec 15-21
26
44
25
Dec 22-28
30/1
30
38
Dec 29-31
9
8
7
Dec
120/7
134
133
Jan 1-7
25/7
16
84
Jan 8-14
24/3
12
34
Jan 15-21
23/2
11
12
Jan 22-28
11/1
10
8
Jan 29-31
8/1
4
1
Jan 2020
91/12
53
139
Feb 1-7
22
13
11
Feb 8-14
18/1
5
38
Feb 15-21
16/2
42
18
Feb 22-28
25
15
34
Feb 29
4
5
2
Feb
85/3
80
103
Mar 1-7
17/3
11
17
Mar 8-14
15/2
13
33
Mar 15-21
14/2
5
19
Mar 22-28
14/1
13
11
Mar 29-31
9
5
10
Mar
69/8
47
90
Ap 1-7
27/1
27
37
Apr 8-14
24
25
51
Apr 15-21
33/1
19
34
Apr 22-28
22
8
40
Apr 29-30
1
-
-
Apr
107/2
79
162

Violence By Province Apr 2020
Province
Violence
Anbar
8 Incidents
8 Killed
2 Civilians
6 ISF
10 Wounded
4 Civilians
6 ISF

3 Shootings
6 IEDs
1 Sticky Bomb
2 Mortars
Babil
3 Incidents
4 Wounded
4 Hashd

2 Shootings
1 IED
Baghdad
1 Hashd Incident

1 Rockets
Basra
1 Hashd Incident

1 Rockets
Diyala
42 Incidents
25 Killed
6 Hashd
9 ISF
10 Civilians
60 Wounded
11 Hashd
36 ISF
13 Civilians

20 Shootings
16 IEDs
1 Sticky Bomb
1 Motorcycle Bomb
4 Mortars
1 Suicide Bomber Killed
Irbil
2 Incidents
3 Killed
3 ISF
3 Wounded
3 ISF

1 Shooting
1 IED
Kirkuk
24 Incidents
25 Killed
4 Hashd
21 ISF
50 Wounded
2 Civilians
11 Hashd
37 ISF

17 Shootings
5 IEDs
2 Sticky Bombs
1 Suicide Bomber
1 Grenade
Ninewa
17 Incidents
12 Killed
2 Sinjar Protection Forces
2 Hashd
3 ISF
5 Civilians
21 Wounded
2 Hashd
3 Sinjar Protection Forces
3 ISF
13 Civilians

8 Shootings
8 IEDs
1 Grenade
Salahaddin
7 Incidents
4 Killed
1 ISF
3 Hashd
14 Wounded
3 Civilians
4 ISF
7 Hashd

4 Shootings
3 IEDs
Sulaymaniya
2 Incidents
2 Killed
2 Peshmerga

1 Shooting
1 IED
1 Rockets

SOURCES

AIN, "3 people, including two children, were killed and wounded in an explosion in western Mosul," 4/5/20

Anadolu Agency, "4 Iraqi soldiers killed in Daesh terror attack in Iraq," 4/5/20

Al-Aqily, Ali, Al-Jabiri, Jassim, “Oil Ministry, MPs condemn rocket attack on Halliburton camp in Basra,” Iraq Oil Report, 4/6/20

Asharq Al-Awsat, "Iraqi Official: ISIS Attack on Intelligence Bureau Wounds 3 Security Personnel," 4/28/20

Baghdad Post, "The death toll from the Khanaqin bombing has risen to one dead and seven wounded from security forces," 4/22/20
- “Security forces prevent ISIS attack in Nimrod and arrest two terrorists,” 4/7/20 
- "Two officers and two policemen wounded in ISIS attack in Kirkuk," 4/15/20

Bas News, "Armed Men Kill Two Civilians, Injure One in Diyala," 4/22/20
- "Bomb Blast Kills, Injures Four Farmers in Disputed Kurdish Village," 4/9/20
- "Diyala: IS Jihadists Attack Village after Cutting Electricity, Injure Two Policemen," 4/28/20
- "Five Iraqi Troops Injured in Clash with IS Militants," 4/22/20
- "IS Explodes Two Power Plants in Diyala," 4/28/20
- "IS Kidnaps 4 Iraqi Soldiers in South of Kirkuk," 4/13/20
- "IS Kills Tribal Leader in Western Iraq, Injures His Wife and Brother," 4/27/20
- "IS Kills Two Iraqi Militiamen in Hit-and-Run Attack," 4/25/20
- "Kirkuk: IS Kills Two Hashd al-Shaabi Militiamen, Wounds Nearly a Dozen," 4/13/20
- “Peshmerga Comes Under IS Attack In Garmiyan, Casualties Reported,” 4/7/20 
- “Peshmerga Ministry again Warns of IS Resurgence after Tuesday’s Deadly Attack,” 4/8/20
- "PICTURES | Blast Severely Injures Civilian in Kirkuk," 4/3/20
- "Roadside Blast Injures Four Iraqi Policemen in Diyala," 4/17/20
- "Roadside Blast Kills, Injures Six Iraqi Soldiers near Makhmour," 4/4/20
- "Roadside Bomb Kills One, Injures Six Iraqi Forces in Kirkuk," 4/1/20
- "Roadside Bomb Targets Hashd al-Shaabi's Convoy in Anbar," 4/5/20
- "Sinjar: Landmine Kills, Wounds Six People," 4/13/20
- "Two Iraqi Policemen Found Dead after Being Abducted by IS," 4/9/20
- "Updates on Kirkuk Suicide Bombings: Six People Injured," 4/28/20

Buratha News, "Two federal police wounded in an armed attack in Kirkuk," 4/9/20

Dri, Karwan Faidhi, "Car bomb kills policeman, injures two more in Kirkuk: police spokesperson," Rudaw, 4/11/20

Al Ghad Press, "A source reveals details of the Abu Said incident in Diyala and confirms the fall of 3 victims," 4/21/20

Ghafuri, Lawk, "ISIS militants kill police officer in Hawija checkpoint attack: military," Rudaw, 4/14/20

Hussein, Mohammed, Tahir, Rawaz, Otten, Cathy, Mohammed, Araz, and Ali, Amir, “Attacks on oil security blamed on Islamic State group expose gap in securing northern Iraq,” Iraq Oil Report, 4/16/20

Iraq Newspaper, "A fierce battle between Brigade 47 of the popular crowd and ISIS terrorists in the village of Saidat, Jurf al-Sakhr, Lami warns," 4/23/20
- “The ISIS terrorists kill Lieutenant Ali Nimr and his assistants in an ambush in a tunnel in Hawija,” 4/7/20 

Al Maalomah, "Two sheep herders martyred by ISIS attack on the border between Diyala and Sulaymaniya," 4/12/20
- "Two soldiers wounded by an explosive device, west of Anbar," 4/23/20

NINA, "2 Children Injured By IED Explosion, Northeast Of Baquba, Diyala," 4/6/20
- "2 Civilians Injured Bu An IED Explosion South Of Mosul," 4/13/20
- "2 Civilians Wounded By IED's Explosion, West Of Mosul," 4/22/20
- "2 Farmers Killed, A Third Wounded In IED's Explosion Northeast Of Baquba, Diyala," 4/9/20
- "2 Fighters Of The PMF Injured North Of Hilla," 4/10/20
- "2 Soldiers Killed, 3 Wounded In An Armed Attack On An Army Patrol In Al-Jazeera Area Of Anbar," 4/6/20
- "2 Soldiers Killed By An ISIS Ambush, Southeast of Mosul," 4/19/20
- “3 Members Of The Federal Police Wounded By IED Explosion South Of Kirkuk,” 4/7/20 
- "4 Young Men Killed And Wounded In An IED's Explosion In A Popular Stadium, Northeast Of Baquba," 4/12/20
- "5-Federal Policemen Killed And Wounded In IED's Explosion In Makhoul Mountain Range," 4/1/20
- "5 Members Of Sinjar Protection Force Killed And Wounded In Western Nineveh," 4/14/20
- "5 People, Including Fighters, Injured In Three Terrorist Attacks In Diyala," 4/18/20
- "5 Soldiers Killed And Wounded Due To Mortars In Western Anbar," 4/5/20
- "The body of a civilian is found in eastern Mosul," 4/24/20
- “The body of a police officer was found hours after his kidnapping in Kirkuk,” 4/7/20 
- "A Civilian assassinated by unknown gunmen east of Baquba," 4/10/20
- "A civilian was injured by an explosive device from ISIS remnants, south of Mosul," 4/18/20
- "A Civilian Wounded By A Hand Grenade In Mosul," 4/24/20
- "A Civilian Wounded In A Mortar Attack, Northeast of Baquba,' 4/24/20
- "A farmer killed by an explosive device, northeast of Baquba," 4/17/20
- "Federal Police Repel An ISIS Attack, South Of Kirkuk," 4/12/20
- "Five soldiers killed and wounded with an explosive device explosion northwest of Kirkuk," 4/3/20
- "ISIS Attacks A Security Post West Of Kirkuk," 4/16/20
- "ISIS Kill Two Peshmerga Elements," 4/8/20
- "ISIS Targets Army Units, South Of Kirkuk, And No Casualties," 4/13/20
- "A military force repulsed an ISIS attack in the border are of Rabi'a," 4/3/20
- "A military patrol was targeted by an explosive device in Diyala, without casualties," 4/15/20
- "Nineveh police repulsed an ISIS attack southeast of Mosul," 4/16/20
- "A Number Of The PMF And Police Killed And Wounded In Mosul And Baquba," 4/21/20
- "An Officer And His Son Wounded By Direct Fire In Abu Saida District of Diyala," 4/26/20
- "An Officer killed and two policemen wounded in two explosive devices in Kirkuk," 4/8/20
- "One soldier was killed and four others wounded, including a Commander of a regiment, in clashes with ISIS elements, south of Kirkuk," 4/13/20
- "The PMF Repel An Attack By ISIS Gangs In Jurf al-Nasr, North Of Hilla, Babylon," 4/22/20
- "The PMF Repels ISIS Attack Launched Against The PMF In Hamrin Basin, Northeast Of Baquba," 4/2/20
- "A policeman assassinated by unknown gunmen northeast of Baquba,' 4/24/20
- "A Policeman Killed, 2 Fighters Wounded In Two Separate Incidents In Diyala," 4/21/20
- "A policeman killed by a sniper fire northeast of Baquba," 4/18/20
- "A policeman was killed by unknown gunmen west of Mosul," 4/20/20
- "The popular crowd and security forces dismantle four IEDs in a security operation in Fallujah," 4/12/20
- "The Popular Mobilization Forces Fail ISIS Plot To Target Oil Fields in Diyala," 4/4/20
- "A Security personnel injured in an armed attack in Kirkuk," 4/21/20
- "Several fighters killed in terrorist attacks in Diyala and Kirkuk," 4/20/20
- "A Teacher Wounded By Unknown Gunmen, Northeast Of Baquba," 4/6/20
- "Three civilians were wounded by ISIS attack on a village South of Mosul," 4/29/20
- "Three members of the popular crowd were injured in an explosive device explosion in Salah al-Din," 4/8/20
- "Three mortar shells landed near a military headquarters west of Anbar," 4/18/20
- "Two Civilians Killed By An Explosive Device Explosion In Salah al-Din," 4/21/20
- "Two Katyusha Rockets Land Near The Chinese Company In Nahrawan, East Of Baghdad," 4/18/20
- "Two members of the popular crowd were killed, and two terrorists were killed south of Kirkuk," 4/10/20
- "Two mortar shells landed in the orchards in the Abbarah district of Diyala," 4/25/20
- "Two members of the popular crowd were injured in an explosive device explosion, northeast of Baquba," 4/3/20
- "Two officers and two policemen wounded in ISIS attack in Kirkuk," 4/14/20
- "Two policemen were wounded in an ISIS attack on a security site northeast of Baquba," 4/28/20
- "Two policemen wounded in a sniper fire in the Endowment basin in Diyala," 4/25/20
- "Two policeman wounded in an explosive device south of Mosul," 4/8/20

NRT, "Four ISIS Militants Killed By Security Forces In Kirkuk: Iraqi Security Media Cell," 4/19/20
- "Iraqi Soldier Killed, Four Wounded In Attack In Khaanqin," 4/4/20
- "One Killed In Qaratapa Bomb Blast, Three Wounded," 4/12/20
- "Three Iraqi Soldiers Injured In Explosion In Jalawla," 4/20/20

Rudaw, "Mortars fall near a government department in Diyala," 4/30/20

Shafaaq News, "Explosion targeting a Peshmerga and Asayesh force in Kifri Garmiyan," 4/8/20
- "A failed attack kills 4 ISIS in Kirkuk," 4/18/20
- "Iraqi forces kill suicide bomber and three terrorists in Diyala," 4/1/20
- "Iraqi forces repel two ISIS attacks," 4/12/20
- "Iraqi police killed in a new ISIS attack on the Kakiya villages in Kirkuk," 4/6/20
- “ISIS executed a civilian hours after he was kidnapped in Ninewa,” 4/6/20 
- “ISIS kidnapped an officer and two members of the federal police in the southwestern city of Kirkuk,” 4/6/20 
- "Killing and wounding 12 fighters from the crowd and ISIS in Salahaddin," 4/10/20
- “Two Iraqi forces were wounded by an explosive device in Kirkuk,” 4/7/20 
- “Two Peshmerga members were killed in an ISIS attack in Sulaymaniya,” 4/6/20 

Shilani, Hiwa, "Four ISIS attacks in central Iraqi province of Diyala injure 11," Kurdistan 24, 4/18/20

Al Sumaria, "A civil defense director was injured in Al-Rutba by an explosive device, west of Ramadi," 4/15/20
- "Diyala intelligence director survives and 6 security personnel wounded, when an explosive devices explodes in Hamrin," 4/22/20
- "Gunmen attack the convoy of the Director of the North Oil Police in Kirkuk," 4/14/20
- "One person was killed and another wounded, in a mine explosion west of Ramadi," 4/1/20
- "A person was killed by a bomb blast west of Ramadi," 4/29/20
- "Security media: Two fighters were killed and three wounded in an explosion near Makhmour," 4/3/20
- "Three mortar shells landed on Abbara, northeast of Baquba," 4/23/20
- "Two members of the tribal crowd were killed and a third was wounded in repelling an ISIS attack in Diyala," 4/23/20

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Review Return To Ruin, Iraqi Narratives of Exile and Nostalgia

Saleh, Zainab, Return To Ruin, Iraqi Narratives of Exile and Nostalgia , Stanford University Press: 2021   Return To Ruin, Iraqi Narrati...