1922 PM Naqib Gaylani named new cabinet Was to pass new Anglo-Iraq Treaty before
parliament formed so it wouldn’t be
debated Ensured British control of Iraq
1922 PM Naqib Gaylani named new cabinet Was to pass new Anglo-Iraq Treaty before
parliament formed so it wouldn’t be
debated Ensured British control of Iraq
(Reuters) |
1914 Royal Naval dispatched ships to patrol Shatt al-Arab to protect Persian oil concessions
(Musings On Iraq review Iraq In World War I, From Ottoman Rule to British Conquest)
(Musings On Iraq review When God Made Hell, The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921)
Atkinson, Rick, Crusade, The Untold Story Of The Persian Gulf War, Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993
Rick Atkinson’s Crusade The Untold Story Of The Persian Gulf War is a blow by blow account of the planning and execution of the Gulf War by the American military. It starts with the Iraqi surrender and then flashes back to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the American response. It’s a quick moving story with information for both the casual reader and the military historian. It’s main focus is upon General Normal Schwarzkopf and his strengths and weaknesses.
(Wikipedia) |
1915 Battle of Es Sinn began 1st move by British to take Kut from Ottomans
(Musings On Iraq review When God Made Hell, The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921)
(USA Today) |
1914 Gen Barrow at India Office said UK had to stop Turkish-Arab alliance and declaration
of jihad which could spread to Afghanistan and threaten India UK should make show of force in Shatt al-Arab to deter Arabs from backing Ottomans and if war started should seize Basra vilayet
(Musings On Iraq review Iraq In World War I, From Ottoman Rule to British Conquest)
(Musings On Iraq review When God Made Hell, The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921)
(AP) |
1920 British took Fallujah during 1920 Revolt
(Musings On Iraq review Reclaiming Iraq, The 1920 Revolution and the Founding of the Modern State)
(Musings On Iraq review Enemy On The Euphrates, The Battle For Iraq 1914-1921)
1948 Shafiq Ades Jewish merchant in Basra hanged on accusation he smuggled weapons to Palestine
Part of anti-Jewish feelings that spread after creation of Israel
(Musings On Iraq review Last Days in Babylon, The Exile of Iraq’s Jews, the Story of My Family)
(Getty Images) |
1961 After Barzani’s forces overran army and police outposts and pushed back pro-govt Kurdish
tribes Qasim ordered counterattack Iraqi air force bombed 500 villages destroying 270 of them
(Musings On Iraq review Kurds of Iraq, Tragedy and Hope)
(Musings On Iraq review The Kurds, A Modern History)
(Musings On Iraq review The Kurdish Revolt 1961-1970)
(Musings On Iraq review Journey Among Brave Men, Travels in Kurdistan)
(Musings On Iraq Explaining Kurdish Nationalism Interview With Teen Tech Univ Prof Michael Gunter)
Al-Ali, Nadje and Pratt, Nicola, What Kind of Liberation? Women and the Occupation of Iraq, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2009
What Kind of Liberation? Women and the Occupation of Iraq by Nadje Al-Ali and Nicola Pratt argues that Iraqi women were worse off after the 2003 invasion. It covers a myriad of issues they faced during the U.S. occupation such as violence, being targeted by religious groups, and marginalization by the new political system. The book is inconsistent and a bit dated. For all the information about how difficult it was for women in post-Saddam Iraq it goes into all kinds of women’s organizations that may not even be around today. Still it’s a worthwhile read because there are so few books on women’s issues in Iraq.
(White House) |
1914 UK sent 3 gunboats to Shatt al-Arab to protect Persian oil fields
(Musings On Iraq review When God Made Hell, The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921)
(Vanity Fair) |
1953 Mohammed al-Jamali became PM Was a Shiite Cabinet included Kurdish Interior Minister 7
Shiites most ever and ministers from opposition United Popular Front and Independence Party Presented land and civil service reform which parliament rejected Landowners blocked land reform MPs blocked civil service reform accusing Jamali of sectarianism
(Musings On Iraq review The Chatham House Version and other Middle-Eastern Studies)
(Musings On Iraq review Iraqi Statesman, A portrait of Mohammed Fadhel Jamali)
(Musings On Iraq review Relations Of The People to The Land In Southern Iraq)
(AFP) |
1934 PM Ayubi Jawadat called for new elections Hoped to pack parliament with his followers
who were loyal to King Ghazi by fixing vote Parliament criticized for being overly Sunni
(Musings On Iraq review Iraq’s Democratic Moment)
(Musings On Iraq review Independent Iraq 1932-1958, A Study in Iraqi Politics)
Helfont, Samuel, Iraq Against The World, Saddam, America, And The Post-Cold War Order, New York: Oxford University Press, 2023
Professor Samuel Helfont of the Naval War College has written his second book, Iraq Against The World, Saddam, America, And The Post-Cold War Order, again largely based upon Baathist documents that were captured after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This time he focuses upon how Iraq tried to break down the new world order that President Bush proclaimed after the Gulf War. The U.S. hoped that there would be an international system based upon rule of law and enforced by the United Nations. Iraq was the focus of this strategy as it had U.N. sanctions and weapons inspectors for over a dozen years. Saddam’s response was to have Baathist offices and embassies around the world organize information campaigns and protests against Iraq’s treatment. Helfont breaks new ground with this work as few have delved into this topic before.
had not changed its position on new Anglo-Iraq Treaty or Iraqi independence
(AFP) |
1915 British forces launched campaign to capture Baghdad starting in present day Wasit
(Musings On Iraq review Enemy On The Euphrates, The Battle For Iraq 1914-1921)
(Musings On Iraq review When God Made Hell, The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921)
(Wikipedia) |
1921 1st Iraqi cabinet formed under newly coronated King Faisal Abd al-Rahman al-Gaylani became
Iraq’s 1st PM
(Musings On Iraq review The Role of the Military In Politics, A case study of Iraq to 1941)
(Musings On Iraq review The Chatham House Version and other Middle-Eastern Studies)
(Wikipedia) |
1914 India Viceroy requested 3rd ship to be sent to Shatt al-Arab and to seize Basra vilayet
before start of WWI
(Musings On Iraq review Iraq In World War I, From Ottoman Rule to British Conquest)
(Musings On Iraq review When God Made Hell, The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921)
(Wikimedia Commons) |
1922 Gertrude Bell wrote that while King Faisal was beloved he was also weak because he was
Oriental Was in relation to Faisal’s demand for Iraqi independence which Bell believed was due to Faisal’s nationalist advisers that she saw as troublemakers
(Musings On Iraq review Gertrude Bell And Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq review Gertrude Bell, Explorer of the Middle East)
(Musings On Iraq movie review Letters from Baghdad)
(Musings On Iraq review Desert Queen, The Extraordinary Life of Gertrude Bell: Adventurer, Adviser to Kings, Ally of Lawrence of Arabia)
(Musings On Iraq review Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation Building and a History Denied)
Cooper, Tom, Ebrahimi, Sirous & Hooton, E.R., Iran-Iraq Naval War, Volume 1: Opening Blows September-November 1980, Warwick: Helion & Company Limited, 2023
Helion & Company has released a series of excellent military histories on the Iran-Iraq War. Its latest offering is Iran-Iraq Naval War, Volume 1: Opening Blows September-November 1980. Like its other books it is very detailed going into not only the opening strategy of the two opponents during the war but a history of the two navies, their equipment and the first clashes.
1938 Iraq wrote UK saying Iran was threatening Shatt al-Arab waterway Iraq wanted outlet to sea
via Kuwait UK said Iran not threat because ally and Kuwait wouldn’t allow canal through its territory
(Musings On Iraq review Unholy Babylon, The Secret History of Saddam’s War)
Baghdad replaced some local officials
Over the weekend the city of Kirkuk exploded in violence after two opposing groups of protesters came together. The dispute was fueled by rival political parties and broke the relative peace the city has experienced over the last several years.
(Historica Wiki) |
1920 Gertrude Bell wrote that Iraq was in the middle of a jihad during 1920 revolt
(Musings On Iraq review Enemy On The Euphrates, The Battle For Iraq 1914-1921)
(Musings On Iraq review Reclaiming Iraq, The 1920 Revolution and the Founding of the Modern State)
(Musings On Iraq review Gertrude Bell And Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq review Gertrude Bell, Explorer of the Middle East)
(Musings On Iraq movie review Letters from Baghdad)
(Musings On Iraq review Desert Queen, The Extraordinary Life of Gertrude Bell: Adventurer, Adviser to Kings, Ally of Lawrence of Arabia)
(IranWire) |
1921 Colonial Secretary Churchill memo said he supported Iraqi govt and independence to
maintain British influence in Iraq
(Musings On Iraq Churchill In His Own Words On Mesopotamia/Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq review Churchill’s Folly, How Winston Churchill Created Modern Iraq)
(Musings On Iraq review Supremacy And Oil, Iraq, Turkey, and the Anglo-American World Order, 1918-1930)
(Musings On Iraq review Britain In Iraq, Contriving King and Country)
1919 Jews sent letter to two Iraqi papers declaring their support for Arabs against the Balfour
Declaration where UK said it supported creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine
1925 Turkey told League of Nations it refused to accept League as arbiter of Mosul’s future