Iraq’s provincial elections are a bit of a paradox. First,
there have been three successful transfers of powers since 2005 when Iraq
regained its sovereignty, which is a positive step for the country’s developing
democracy. However, Iraq’s governorate councils have only limited power. They
rely upon the central government for their budgets and services, and have to go
through the various ministries and agencies to get anything done such as
development plans. This creates a never-ending stream of complaints from the
periphery about the center. In the last several years, these problems have also
led to protests over the inability of Baghdad to provide things such as
electricity and other services. In June 2013, parliament amended
the 2008 Provincial Powers Law, which if implemented would dramatically
decentralize power to the local governments. Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki
didn’t pay attention to the original law, and its unlikely that his
centralizing tendencies will allow him to follow through on the new one. The
ministries share the premier’s opinion as well. For instance, the
Municipalities and Public Works Ministry is already claiming that the councils have
no decision-making powers over development projects as the legislation
provides. That means that while there has been a tremendous amount of political
capital expended by Iraq’s elites to form the new governorate authorities they
are really only negotiating over positions, which have limited influence, and
are probably much more important to the parties to dole out patronage. Many
analysts have also pointed out that the 2013 vote could be a harbinger for the
2014 parliamentary elections, but that may not play out. The 2009 provincial
balloting for example was all about local issues like the economy and services,
but that did not really carry over into 2010. That year Maliki’s State of Law
and the Iraqi National Movement started off pushing nationalist issues, but
then soon devolved into whether candidates should be banned for their alleged
ties to the Baath Party. More importantly Maliki's sweeping victory in 2009 only translated into a second place finish in 2010. Next year’s vote is a long ways away, and anything
could happen between then and now, so the trends that evolved during the 2013
balloting may not apply.
As for the actual results, 2013 was a setback for Maliki’s
State of Law. The list was
much larger this year including the Fadhila Party, the Badr Organization,
and Ibrahim al-Jaafari’s National Reform Party. In 2009, State of Law had a
sweeping victory in southern Iraq and Baghdad winning 126 seats, playing upon
the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq’s (ISCI) failure at developing those
provinces. Fadhila won 5, and Jaafari’s National Reform Party pulled in 23. All
together that was 154 seats, and that did not include what Badr won when it was
part of ISCI. In comparison, in 2013 the expanded State of Law only won 109 seats,
a loss of at least 45 seats. Like the Supreme Council beforehand, Maliki’s list
suffered the fate of being the incumbents, and the inability to develop the
provinces they ruled. ISCI’s Citizen’s Alliance and the Sadrists’ Liberal
Coalition were the beneficiaries going from 55 to 61 seats and 41 to 47 seats
respectively. The Sunni vote was similarly divided with Speaker Osama Nujafi’s
Mutahidun coming out with the most seats, 30, compared to his rivals,
Deputy Premier Saleh al-Mutlaq’s Arab Iraqiya, at 10 seats, and Iyad
Allawi’s Iraqiya, 16 seats. All together, those lists lost over 40 seats
however as many voters decided to throw in their lot with smaller parties. That
shows continued lack of leadership in the Sunni community, and the inability of
both those aligned with the protest movement, Mutahidun, and those willing to
work with the prime minister, Mutlaq, gaining much traction with the public. The
Kurdish parties also saw a decline going from 20 seats in 2009 to 15 in 2013. They
seemed to have suffered from voter dissatisfaction as well. When it came to new
ruling coalitions, Anbar, Babil, Baghdad, Basra, Muthanna, and Wasit all
switched hands with State of Law losing control of three of those, most importantly
the capital Baghdad and the economic capital Basra, but also gaining Babil and
Muthanna. The other eight governorates had the same parties holding onto the
governorships. Overall, State of Law could falter in 2014 as well. Being the
incumbent might be only one of their problems however. Today, Premier Maliki is
also being blamed for the deteriorating security situation, which was not
really an issue in this year’s election. Again, only so much can be discerned
about Iraq’s future from this year’s vote as the country is still in a very
fluid situation where things are always changing in unexpected ways.
Total Seats By List
2013
List
|
Total Seats
|
Leader
|
State of Law
|
109
|
PM Maliki
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
61
|
Ammar Hakim
|
Liberal Coalition
|
47
|
Moqtada al-Sadr
|
Mutahidun
|
30
|
Speaker Nujafi
|
Iraqiya
|
16
|
Iyad Allawi
|
Brotherhood and Coexistence
|
15
|
KDP-PUK
|
Iraqiya Babil/Diyala
|
11
|
Speaker Nujafi/Dep PM Mutlaq
|
Arab Iraqiya
|
10
|
Dep PM Mutlaq
|
Loyalty to Najaf
|
9
|
Adnan Abdul Khudayr Zurfi
|
Equitable State Movement
|
8
|
Habib Nour Mahdi Nehme
|
Alliance of Iraqi People
|
7
|
Salahaddin Gov. Ahmed
Abdullah
|
Dawa-Internal Organization
|
7
|
Hashem Musawi
|
Iraq Independent
Professionals Group
|
7
|
Hamid Ahmed Aboud Radi
|
National Partnership
Gathering
|
6
|
Mohammed Fadel Obeid Omran
|
Abirun
|
5
|
Anbar Gov. Fahadawi
|
Dignity Alliance of Iraq
|
5
|
|
Alliance of Independent
People of Diwaniya
|
4
|
|
Loyalty to Ninewa
|
4
|
Ghanim Baso/Dep PM Mutlaq
|
Anbar Patriotic Alliance
|
3
|
|
Constitution and Justice
|
3
|
|
Hope for Mesopotamia
|
3
|
|
Iraq’s Benevolence and
Generosity List
|
3
|
Dr. Rushdi Said
|
Al Liwa
|
3
|
Yousef Majid al-Habboubi
|
National Independent Elite
Movement
|
3
|
|
Solidarity With Iraq
|
3
|
|
Unified Ninewa
|
3
|
|
Babil Civil Alliance/Communists
|
2
|
|
Basra Independent Coalition
|
2
|
|
Citizenship State Bloc
|
2
|
|
Fayli Kurds Brotherhood
List
|
2
|
|
Gathering of Muthanna
|
2
|
|
Iraq National Alliance
|
2
|
|
Iraqi Justice and Democracy
Alliance
|
2
|
|
Just State
|
2
|
|
Loyal Hands’ Gathering
|
2
|
|
Muthanna Alliance for
Change & Reconstruction
|
2
|
|
National Moderation Front
|
2
|
|
National White Bloc
|
2
|
|
Popular Will Project
|
2
|
|
Salahaddin Unified
Coalition
|
2
|
|
State of Social Justice
|
2
|
|
Alternative Movement
|
1
|
|
Al Amin Coalition
|
1
|
|
Amiroun Alliance
|
1
|
|
Assyrian and Chaldean
Assembly
|
1
|
|
Baghdad Turkmen List
|
1
|
|
Basra’s Civil Alliance
|
1
|
|
Chaldean Syriac Assyrian
Gathering
|
1
|
|
Civil Democratic Alliance
in Wasit
|
1
|
|
Civil Democrats
|
1
|
|
Determined to Build
|
1
|
|
Diyala’s New Coalition
|
1
|
|
Diwaniya Civil Alliance
|
1
|
|
Free Iraqi Coalition
|
1
|
|
Free Shabak
|
1
|
|
Gathering of Justice and
Unity
|
1
|
|
Integrity and Efficiency
|
1
|
|
Iraq’s Advocates for State
Support
|
1
|
|
Iraq’s Affluents
|
1
|
|
Iraq’s National Coalition
|
1
|
|
Iraqi Masses Gathering
|
1
|
|
Loyalty to Iraq Coalition
|
1
|
|
Najaf Province’s Change
Coalition
|
1
|
|
National Flag Gathering
|
1
|
|
Ninewa Patriotic Alliance
|
1
|
|
Ninewa’s Bravery Coalition
|
1
|
|
Oum Rabih Ninewa Tribes
|
1
|
|
Raed Jabbar Salah
|
1
|
|
Renaissance and Building
Gathering
|
1
|
|
Salahaddin Turkmen’s List
|
1
|
|
Valiants of Iraq
|
1
|
|
Will of Iraq Movement
|
1
|
|
Yazidi Movement for Reform
and Progress
|
1
|
|
Total
|
447
|
Comparison of
Governors By Party 2009 vs. 2013
Province
|
2009
|
2013
|
Anbar
|
Awakening of Iraq
|
Mutahidun
|
Babil
|
Liberal Coalition/Sadr
|
State of Law
|
Baghdad
|
State of Law
|
Liberal Coalition/Sadr
|
Basra
|
State of Law
|
Citizen’s Alliance/ISCI
|
Dhi Qar
|
State of Law
|
State of Law
|
Diyala
|
Accordance Front
|
Iraqiya Diyala/
Accordance Front
|
Karbala
|
State of Law
|
State of Law
|
Maysan
|
Liberal Coalition/Sadr
|
Liberal Coalition/Sadr
|
Muthanna
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
State of Law
|
Najaf
|
Loyalty to Najaf
|
Loyalty to Najaf
|
Ninewa
|
Al Hadbaa
|
Al-Hadbaa/Mutahidun
|
Qadisiyah
|
State of Law
|
State of Law
|
Salahaddin
|
Independent
|
Independent
|
Wasit
|
State of Law
|
Citizen’s Alliance/ISCI
|
Seat Comparison By
Party 2005 vs. 2009 vs. 2013 Across 14 Provinces (Excluding Tamim & KRG)
Party
|
2005
|
2009
|
2013
|
Difference
2009 vs 2013
|
Dawa/State of Law
|
25
|
126
|
109
(Plus Badr)
|
-45+
|
Fadhila
|
49
|
5
|
State of Law
|
|
Islamic Dawa – Iraq
|
17
|
0
|
State of Law
|
|
National Reform
Party/Jaafari
|
-
|
23
|
State of Law
|
|
Coalition of Islamic &
National Forces in Diyala (Dawa & ISCI)
|
24
|
-
|
-
|
|
ISCI
|
163
|
55
|
61
(Minus Badr)
|
+6
|
Sadrists
|
23
|
41
|
47
|
+6
|
Iraqi Islamic Party/Iraqi
Accordance Front
|
45
|
32
|
Mutahidun
|
|
Al-Hadbaa/Mutahidun
|
-
|
19
|
30
|
-21
|
Iraqi National List/Iraqiya
|
18
|
26
|
16
|
-10
|
Iraqi National
Project/Mutlaq & National Movement for Development and Reform/Karbuli
|
-
|
22
|
10
|
-12
|
Kurds
|
46
|
20
|
15
|
-5
|
Election Results By
Province 2013
Anbar
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
Mutahidun
|
115,605
|
8
|
Abirun
|
62,581
|
5
|
Arab Iraqiya
|
57,332
|
4
|
Iraqiya
|
39,500
|
3
|
Anbar Patriotic Alliance
|
35,214
|
3
|
Iraqi National Alliance
|
32,718
|
2
|
Popular Will Project
|
25,210
|
2
|
Iraq’s Affluents
|
10,785
|
1
|
Amiroun Alliance
|
10.785
|
1
|
Valiants of Iraq
|
8,932
|
1
|
Other Parties
|
17,457
|
|
Total
|
414,554
|
30
|
Mutahidun
|
Governor
|
|
Arab Iraqiya
|
Head of Council
|
Babil
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
State of Law
|
142,568
|
8
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
115,188
|
7
|
Iraq Independent
Professionals Group
|
69,087
|
4
|
Liberal Coalition
|
51,869
|
4
|
Babil Civil Alliance/Communists
|
30,578
|
2
|
Iraqiya
|
20.755
|
1
|
Iraq’s National Coalition
|
20,755
|
1
|
Dawa Internal Organization
|
19,527
|
1
|
National Partnership
Gathering
|
18,565
|
1
|
Al Amin Coalition
|
16,865
|
1
|
Iraqiya Babil
|
12.754
|
1
|
Other Parties
|
26,688
|
|
Total
|
548,671
|
31
|
State of Law
|
Governor
|
|
Iraq Independent
Professionals Group
|
Head of Council
|
Baghdad
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
State of Law
|
569,178
|
20
|
Mutahidun
|
183,716
|
7
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
163,022
|
6
|
Liberal Coalition
|
137,808
|
4
|
Iraqiya
|
80,066
|
3
|
National Independent Elite
Movement
|
78,429
|
3
|
Arab Iraqiya
|
70,644
|
3
|
Citizenship State Bloc
|
48,605
|
2
|
National Partnership
Gathering
|
31,889
|
1
|
Dawa Internal Organization
|
24,339
|
1
|
Iraqi Justice and Democracy
Alliance
|
23,388
|
1
|
Free Iraqi Coalition
|
15,957
|
1
|
Iraq’s Benevolence and
Generosity List
|
15,162
|
1
|
Fayli Kurds Brotherhood
List
|
8,675
|
1
|
Baghdad Turkmen List
|
1,947
|
1
|
Chaldean Syriac Assyrian
Gathering Coalition
|
1,513
|
1
|
Raed Jabbar Salah
|
781
|
1
|
Other Parties
|
112,580
|
|
Total
|
1,567,699
|
58
|
Liberal Coalition
|
Governor
|
|
Mutahidun
|
Head of Council
|
Basra
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
State of Law
|
292,658
|
16
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
121,875
|
6
|
Liberal Coalition
|
58,312
|
3
|
Basra Independent Coalition
|
29,384
|
2
|
Gathering of Justice and
Unity
|
24,513
|
1
|
Basra’s Civil Alliance
|
17,541
|
1
|
Alternative Movement
|
15,643
|
1
|
Dawa Internal Organization
|
15,493
|
1
|
Will of Iraq Movement
|
13,940
|
1
|
Iraqiya
|
13,319
|
1
|
Mutahidun
|
10,386
|
1
|
Other Parties
|
34,873
|
|
Total
|
647,937
|
35
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
Governor
|
|
State of Law
|
Head of Council
|
Dhi Qar
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
State of Law
|
176,861
|
10
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
122,088
|
7
|
Liberal Coalition
|
81,338
|
5
|
Solidarity With Iraq
|
50,363
|
3
|
Equitable State Movement
|
43,369
|
3
|
National Partnership
Gathering
|
26,670
|
2
|
Civil Democrats
|
17,906
|
1
|
Total
|
31
|
|
State of Law
|
Governor
|
|
State of Law
|
Head of council
|
Diyala
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
Diyala’s National Coalition
|
170,292
|
12 (State of Law 10,
Liberal Coalition 2)
|
Iraqiya Diyala
|
149,535
|
10
|
Brotherhood and Coexistence
List
|
49,415
|
3
|
Iraqiya
|
27,670
|
2
|
Determined to Build
|
17,935
|
1
|
Diyala’s New Coalition
|
13,980
|
1
|
Total
|
29
|
|
Iraqiya Diyala
|
Governor
|
|
Liberal Coalition
|
Head of Council
|
Karbala
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
State of Law
|
84,447
|
7
|
Liberal Coalition
|
43,945
|
4
|
Al Liwa
|
33,614
|
3
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
33,362
|
3
|
Hope for Mesopotamia
|
32,527
|
3
|
Equitable State Movement
|
32,454
|
3
|
National Moderation Front
|
18,501
|
2
|
Iraq’s Advocates for State
Support
|
13,102
|
1
|
Iraqi Justice and Democracy
Alliance
|
8,559
|
1
|
Total
|
27
|
|
State of Law
|
Governor
|
|
State of Law
|
Head of Council
|
Maysan
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
Liberal Coalition
|
89,906
|
9
|
State of Law
|
77,917
|
8
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
63,060
|
6
|
Integrity and Efficiency
|
11,605
|
1
|
National Partnership
Gathering
|
10.771
|
1
|
National Flag Gathering
|
9,814
|
1
|
Dawa Internal Organization
|
5,615
|
1
|
Others
|
3,665
|
-
|
Total
|
272,353
|
27
|
Liberal Coalition
|
Governor
|
|
State of Law
|
Head of Council
|
Muthanna
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
State of Law
|
76,777
|
9
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
67,203
|
7
|
Liberal Coalition
|
31,290
|
3
|
Iraq Independent
Professionals Group
|
27,065
|
3
|
Gathering of Muthanna
|
24,931
|
2
|
Muthanna Alliance for
Change & Reconstruction
|
17,561
|
2
|
Others
|
6,029
|
|
Total
|
250,856
|
26
|
State of Law
|
Governor
|
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
Head of Council
|
Najaf
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
Loyalty to Najaf
|
118,310
|
9
|
Citizens’ Alliance
|
82,020
|
6
|
State of Law
|
76,519
|
5
|
Liberal Coalition
|
45,167
|
3
|
Just State
|
25,889
|
2
|
Najaf Province’s Change
Coalition
|
14,464
|
1
|
National Partnership
Gathering
|
14,314
|
1
|
Renaissance and Building
Gathering
|
8,521
|
1
|
Dawa Internal Organization
|
7,571
|
1
|
Others
|
10,546
|
-
|
Total
|
29
|
|
Loyalty to Najaf
|
Governor
|
|
State of Law
|
Head of Council
|
Ninewa
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
Brotherhood and Coexistence
|
173,687
|
11 (KDP 8, PUK 3)
|
Mutahidun
|
129,556
|
8
|
Loyalty to Ninewa
|
66,517
|
4
|
Unified Ninewa
|
45,971
|
3
|
Constitution and Justice
|
39,126
|
3
|
Iraqiya
|
31,276
|
2
|
Ninewa’s Bravery Coalition
|
23,361
|
1
|
Ninewa Patriotic Alliance
|
22,734
|
1
|
Oum Rabih Ninewa Tribes
|
21,349
|
1
|
Free Shabak
|
12,689
|
1 (quota)
|
Yazidi Movement for Reform
and Progress
|
10,397
|
1 (quota)
|
Iraqi Masses Gathering
|
8,633
|
1
|
Assyrian and Chaldean
Assembly
|
8,635
|
1 (quota)
|
Iraq’s Benevolence and
Generosity
|
8,076
|
1
|
Total
|
581,449
|
39
|
Mutahidun
|
Governor
|
|
Brotherhood and Coexistence
|
Head of Council
|
Qadisiyah
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
State of Law
|
114,697
|
8
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
66,691
|
5
|
Liberal Coalition
|
50,544
|
4
|
Alliance of Independent
People of Diwaniya
|
49,831
|
4
|
National White Bloc
|
33,092
|
2
|
Dawa Internal Organization
|
29,517
|
2
|
Loyalty to Iraq Coalition
|
11,207
|
1
|
Diwaniya Civil Alliance
|
9,472
|
1
|
Equitable State Movement
|
8,141
|
1
|
Total
|
28
|
|
State of Law
|
Governor
|
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
Head of Council
|
Salahaddin
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
Alliance of Iraqi People
|
95,338
|
7
|
Mutahidun
|
79,705
|
5
|
Dignity Alliance of Iraq
|
66,549
|
5
|
Iraqiya
|
46,287
|
3
|
National Coalition in
Salahaddin
|
39,447
|
3 (State of Law 1,
Citizen’s Alliance 1, Liberal Coalition 1)
|
Arab Iraqiya
|
24,167
|
2
|
Salahaddin Unified
Coalition
|
23,497
|
2
|
Brotherhood and Coexistence
List
|
21,373
|
1
|
Salahaddin Turkmen’s List
|
18,395
|
1
|
Total
|
29
|
|
Alliance of Iraqi People
|
Governor
|
|
National Coalition in
Salahaddin
|
Head of Council
|
Wasit
Party
|
Total Votes
|
Seats
|
State of Law
|
96,664
|
7
|
Citizen’s Alliance
|
86,403
|
7
|
Liberal Coalition
|
63,584
|
5
|
Loyal Hands’ Gathering
|
29,969
|
2
|
State of Social Justice
|
28,446
|
2
|
Iraq’s Benevolence and Generosity
List
|
13,678
|
1
|
Iraqiya
|
13,055
|
1
|
Equitable State Movement
|
8,447
|
1
|
Civil Democratic Alliance
in Wasit
|
8,420
|
1
|
Fayli Kurds Brotherhood
List
|
2,212
|
1
|
Total
|
28
|
|
Citizen’s Coalition
|
Governor
|
|
Liberal Coalition
|
Head of council
|
SOURCES
Abbas, Mushreq, “Iraqi Provincial Law Renews Debate Over
Centralization,” Al-Monitor, 7/8/13
Abdullah, Ali,
“Citizen coalition and the Liberals on the mechanism of choosing the head of
the provincial council in Najaf,” Buratha News, 6/13/13
AIN,
“Breaking news…Diyala National Alliance tops elections results in Diyala,”
5/4/13
-
“Breaking News…Iraqiya Masses 1st in Salah il-Din,” 5/4/13
- “IHEC announces results of Anbar PC elections,” 6/25/13
- “Nasiri nominated
as Thi-Qar Governor, Sahlani as its Chairman,” 6/16/13
- “SLC, Citizen,
Ahrar forefront electoral slates in Basra,” 5/4/13
- “SLC, Citizen Coalition top results of Babel PC slates,”
5/4/13
- “SLC
tops electoral slates in Diwaniya,” 5/4/13
- “Thiyab nominated as new Anbar Governor, Halbousi as its
PC Chairman,” 7/31/13
- “Urgent…Brotherhood & Coexistence (Ta’akhi) Slate tops
results of Nineveh local elections,” 6/26/13
- “Urgent…Muthana PC nominates Mayali as Muthana Governor,
Yasiri as its Chairman,” 6/17/13
-
“URGENT…SLC wins 7 seats among 27 in Karbala,” 5/4/13
- “Urgent….Timimi designated as Baghdad Governor, Adhadh as
Baghdad PC chairman,” 6/15/13
Alsumaria, “Alliance Kurdish brotherhood and coexistence
first and second united Nineveh elections,” 6/26/13
- “Raad Hamza
capacity as Chairman of the Board of Babylon and honest meaning conservative
law,” 6/15/13
Buratha News, “Given the position of first deputy governor
of Diyala province to the Kurdistan Alliance,” 6/19/13
- “The
rule of law in Karbala loses one of its members because of the position of the
Governor,” 6/18/13
Al-Mada, “Diwaniyah terminate the distribution of positions
on file members,” 6/17/13
- “Interior inspector general governor of Karbala and Iraqi
partnership take Diyala,” 6/20/13
- “Maliki wraps Sadr
and Hakim alliance in Dhi Qar, Najaf .. and gets 5 committees of the Government
of Wasit,” 6/15/13
- “Maliki’s bloc
announces the formation of a coalition (the sons of Dhi Qar) to win the
leadership of the provincial council and exclude the Liberals the Citizen’s
Alliance,” 6/13/13
- “Maysan, Salahuddin
keep on Lazem .. Samad assisted tribes to get a second term,” 6/8/13
- “Minister of Municipalities: No local governments have the
right to make decisions on projects ministries articulated,” 7/9/13
- “The new governor of Wasit province offers promise I:
activation of services and accounting firms lagging and genuine partnership,”
6/17/13
- “Uniters progressing in Anbar, according to 85% of the
results and then Mutlaq and Allawi,” 6/22/13
National Iraqi News Agency, “Breaking News—Ethel al-Nujaifi
keeps his position as governor of Nineveh,” 7/31/13
- “BREAKING NEWS
Majid Nasrawi elected Governor of Basra,” 6/12/13
Radio Nawa, “Election Aqeel Turaihi conservative Karbala and
Nassif Jassem president of council of State of Law,” 6/19/13
Shafaq News, “KDP wins 14 seats in Nineveh and Shafaq News
publishes the winners’ names,” 6/22/13
- “KDP wins quota of Shabak and Yazidis in Nineveh,” 6/22/13
- “Kurds win 11 seats and 8 for Mutahedoun in Nineveh
council,” 6/26/13
Sotaliraq, “Commission announces preliminary results of the
elections of Nineveh and Anbar .. Uniters in the lead,” 6/22/13
Visser, Reidar, “As the Deadline for Forming Coalitions
Expires, Maliki Creates Monster Sectarian Alliance for Iraq’s Local Elections
in April 2013,” Iraq and Gulf Analysis, 12/21/12
- “Final
Results of the Iraqi Provincial Elections 2013,” Iraq and Gulf Analysis, 5/4/13
- “The First Batch of New Iraqi Provincial Governments,”
Iraq and Gulf Analysis, 6/17/13
Wikipedia, “Iraqi Governorate Elections 2013”
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